Since the middle of the 20th century, conventional antipsychotics—also referred to as first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) or typical antipsychotics—have been a mainstay in the treatment of psychotic disorders. These drugs mainly relieve symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive problems by inhibiting dopamine receptors in the brain. FGAs are still utilized in some situations, but because to their adverse effect profile, they have been mainly superseded by more recent atypical antipsychotics. Chlorpromazine, sometimes known by the brand name Thorazine, is among the first and best-known FGAs. It was innovative when it was first used to treat bipolar illness and schizophrenia in the 1950s. The ability of chlorpromazine to reduce hallucinations and calm agitated patients constituted a major advancement in psychiatric therapy. It is linked to a variety of adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), which include tremors, stiffness, and involuntary movements, like many FGAs. Haloperidol, which is marketed under the brand name Haldol, is another FGA. This drug has been used extensively for many years and works especially well to treat acute psychotic episodes. It comes in a number of forms, such as liquid solutions, injectable formulations for quick tranquilization, and oral pills. Because of its ability to effectively manage severe symptoms, haloperidol is a useful tool in emergency psychiatric settings.Another FGA that is frequently recommended for schizophrenia and other psychotic diseases is fluphenazine, also known by the brand name Prolixin. It offers a variety of therapeutic choices because it is available in both oral and injectable versions. Like other FGAs, fluphenazine works by inhibiting dopamine receptors, which lessens the severity of psychotic symptoms. Another FGA used in the treatment of bipolar illness and schizophrenia is perphenazine, also marketed under the name Trilafon. Like other FGAs, it helps to calm the mind and lessen agitation, but it can also have negative effects like sedation, weight gain, and dry mouth. Although these drugs have played a significant role in mental health treatment, atypical antipsychotics have replaced them in usage because of their lower risk of EPS and other adverse effects. FGAs are still useful choices, though, particularly if cost or a patient's unique response are factors. Conventional antipsychotics, which are always taken with caution and thoroughly monitored, are still an important part of the complicated field of mental health therapy.
